Ialah perwira jaga di atas kapal yang tugas nya bertanggung jawab atas pembuatan route kapal serta koreksi book publication and chart publication dari NOTICE TO MARINERS (NTM) dari England jika kita gunakan BA CHARTS
RANCANGAN PELAYARAN
1.A.1 PARALEL INDEKS :Suatu metode yang digunakan mengececheck secara terus menerus pergerakan kapal yang mengikuti track/lintasan yang telah direncanakan oleh Navigator .
2.TRANSIT : Bagian dan jarak terhadap benda yang dikenal . Agar akurat dlm penggunaan LEADING LINE , jarak kapal ke benda terdekat lebih dari 3 X jarak antara 2 buah benda yg digunakan .
3.MARGIN OF SAFETY : Batas daerah aman / garis lurus diluar NO GO AREA dan merupakan SPACE jika kapal terlambat untuk merubah haluan .
4. NO GO AREA : Daerah yang tidak boleh didatangi berkaitan dg kedalaman atau bahaya Navigasi yg ada .SPACE jika kapal terlambat merubah haluan .
5.DISTANCE OF DANGER :Jarak aman terhadap suatu bahaya Navigasi yg tergantung pada
- Sarat kapal
- Keadaan lalu lintas perairan tsb
- Keadaan cuaca , angin , kabut dsb .
- Jarak aman yg dianjurkan min 1.5 mil
- Keadaan arus dan pasang surutnya .
B. LATAR BELAKANG YANG HARUS DIPELAJARI DALAM "PASSAGE PLANING ".
- Untuk memperkecil kesalahan dalam bernavigasi .
- Dg jadwal pelayaran yg cepat , maka kebutuhana perencanaan pelayaran menjadi hal yang sangat penting .
- Mengumpulkan sebanyak-banyaknya referensi mengenai data-data yang diperlukan dalam suatu pelayaran ( Informasi yg Up To Date ) yg tidak terpublikasikan guna menghindarihal yang tidak diinginkan .
2.A PENYEBAB PASANG SURUT adalah :
- Adanya gaya tarik Grafitasi Bulan thd Bumi
- Adanya pengaruh angin dan arus
- Adanya pengaruh pergeseran / pergerakan pada dasar bumi
B.1. TIDAL STEAM : Daftar arus pasang surut deg ukuran kecepatn arus dalam mil / jam
2. HIGHT WATER : Keadaan dimana pada suatu perairan mengalami penambahan permukaan air dari permukaan normal yang mana disebut dengan air pasang .
3. SLACK WATER : Disebut juga dengan air tenang , dimana saat air berubah dari pasang - kesurut ( selang waktu ) begitu pula sebaliknya .
4. NEAP TIDE : Keadaan air pada saat surut ter rendah .
5. SPRING TIDE : keadaan air pada saat pasang tertinggi
3.A OCEAN PASSAGE FOR THE WORLD : Buku yang berisi mengenai data-data / keterangan yang bersangkutan dengan peta yang menggambarkan angin arus yang tercatat dalam buku KEPANDUAN BAHARI .
B NAVIGATIONAL WARNING : Informasi yang berisi perubahan alat-alat bantu navigasi (Bouy,Landmark,Beacon dsb )
C SAILLING DIRECTION : Buku yang berisi data / informasi pelabuhan yang menyangkut fasilitas dan keadaan yang dimiliki oleh sebuah pelabuhan diseluruh dunia .
4.A " GEJALA SQUAT " : - SQUAT terjadi karena adanya perbedaan antara kecepatan air didekat lambung kapal pada saat kapal bergerak sehingga menimbulkan tekanan disekitar kapal yang menyebabkan kapal akan lebih tenggelam .
- Yang harus diperhatikan oleh Nakhoda / Mualim Jaga adalah kedalaman perairan tsb agar kapal tidak kandas / menyentuh dasar perairan sehingga kapal mengalami kerusakan dibagian lunasnya .
B Rumus menghitung besarnya SQUAT diPerairan Sempit : SQUAT max = 2 x Cb x _V_ meter 100
Rumus menghitung besarnya SQUAT di perairan lebar SQUAT max = Cb x _V_ meter
100
5.A YANG DI MAKSUD DENGAN BAHAYA TERPENCIL DALAM IALA ADALAH :
B 5 TANDA YANG DIPAKAI SECARA GABUNGAN :
6. 4 TAHAPAN DALAM MEMBUAT PASSAGE PLANING :
- PENILAIAN ( APPRASIAL ) : Nakhoda berkonsultasi dg para Mualim dalam hal memutuskan route mana yang akan dilalui dg mempertimbangkan semua informasi yang berhubungan dg route yang akan dilayari .
- PERENCANAAN ( PLANING ) : Perwira Navigasi menarik garis haluan yang akan dilalui dipeta yang telah dipersiapkan sesuai dg routenya , dan memberikan catatan yang detail dari rencana yang telah disetujui dari BERTH TO BERTH , termasuk persiapan berlayar dengan pandu .
- PELAKSANAAN ( EXECUTIO ) : Pada saat akan bertolak harus mempertimbangkan kondisi penerangan , keadaan arus ( pasang surut ) agar Nakhoda dapat mengatur kecepatan atau memodifikasi haluan kapal agar kapal dapat berlayar dengan menyenagkan .
- PENGAWASAN ( MONITORING ) : Pada tahapan ini dapat dilakukan oleh Perwira Jaga untuk mengecek pada tiap tahapan tugasnya dan wajib memanggil Nakhoda bila dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya terdapat keragu-raguan atau dalam keadaan darurat dapat segera mengambil tindakan penyelamatan .
7.A. TUJUAN PEMBUATAN RANCANGAN PELAYARAN : Untuk mempersiapkan pelayaran dg aman dari satu pelabuhan tolak ke pelabuhan tujuan dg memperhatikan keadaan perairan , bahaya Navigasi yang ada sepanjang pelayaran , keadaan kapal-kapal sekelilingnya dan lingkungannya setiap saat .Selain itu dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat dlm memproses informasi yang diperoleh .
B KEUNTUNGAN YANG DIPEROLEH : Mendapatkan Metode Navigasi yang handal yg dapat digunakan pada pelayaran yg sama . Dan dalam alur pelayaran sempit atau terbatas dapat berkonsentrasi dg bantuan tehnik pemanduan .
8.A. MENYUSUN RANCANGAN PELAYARAN DAERAH PANTAI ( ROUTE COASTAL NAVIGATION ) harus memperhatikan :
- Penggunaan Peta Yang Up To Date ( Sesuai ) .
- Mengetahui semua hal / tanda-tanda yang relevan terhadap benda-benda Navigasi
- Fix posisi ditentukan secara terus menerus . Hal tsb tergantung dari jarak terdekat dengan bahaya navigasi dan kecepatan kapal .
- Penggunaan radar hanya sebagai alat bantu navigasi saja .
- Bila tanda navigasi tidak dapat terlihat dg jelas , dapat menggunakan METHOD PARALEL INDEKS .
B MENYUSUN RANCANGAN PELAYARAN di SAMUDRA LUAS harus memperhatikan :
- Rencana pada skala kecil dipeta laut / routering chart dimana terdapat keterangan tentang OCEAN CURRENT , WIND , ICE LIMIT , dsb .
- Peta Proyeksi GNOMONIK untuk Ploting GE route .
- LOAD LINE ZONE Chart untuk menyakinkan aturan Load Line telah diikuti .
9.A. PRIMARY and SECONDARY POSITION FIXING :
10. YANG TERMASUK KATAGORI CRITICAL NAVIGATION adalah :
- Bernavigasi dalam jarak pandang terbatas . Artinya keadaan cuaca yang menyebabkan / menghalangi jarak pandang hingga kurang dari 3 mil .
- Bernavigasi dalam keadaan cuaca yang buruk . Artinya keadaan laut , angin ,ataupun alam yang menyebabkan keadaan kapal susah untuk di kendalikan .
- Bernavigasi dalam alur pelayaran sempit . Artinya berlayar didaerah yang mempunyai lalu lintas yang sempit , yang menyebabkan kapal susah / terbatas untuk bernavigasi dg baik . ( adanya TRAFIC SPARATION , KEDALAMAN AIR , PERAIRAN YANG RAMAI , dsb )
11. PERSIAPAN YANG DILAKUKAN MEMASUKI DAERAH TAMPAK TERBATAS :
- Mengamati sekeliling dg menggunakan semua sarana yg ada .
- Menghidupkan isarat kabut secara terus menerus .
- Mempersiapkan jangkar untuk dapat digunakan sewaktu-waktu .
- Memberitahukan kepada kamar mesin untuk siap melakukan Olah Gerak .
12. DALAM PEMBUATAN RENCANA PELAYARAN HAL YANG PERLU DI PERHATIKAN antara lain :
- Under Keel Clearence yg cukup sepanjang pelayaran .
- Jarak aman dari bahaya navigasi .
- Posisi merubah haluan yg terkontrol oleh radar / visual .
- Melewati bagan pemisaah dg aman .
- Jarak tampak lampu / suar / bouy yang dilewati .
- Kecepatan aman sepanjang route .
- Posisi lapor / Reporting Point
- Penerbitan Navigasi yg Up To Date .
- Saat mengganti peta tidak ditempat yang kritis / banyak bahaya .
13. PERSIAPAN YG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN 12 JAM SEBELUM BERANGKAT , SEHUBUNGAN DG STEERING GEAR TEST :
- Steering Gear dalam posisi Stand By .
- 1 Jam sebelum berangkat Power steering dihidupkan .
- Pengetesan Steering Gear dg memutar handle kemudi cikar kanan - cikar kiri dan kembali keposisi tengah2 dg melihat Indikator .
- Harus dipastikan bahwa Steering Gear dapat digunakan secara manual maupun otomatis .
- Pastikan tidak ada kebocoran pada pipa hydrolick nya .
- Semua kegiatan pengetesan dicatat dalam Check List yg ada di anjungan .
14. APAKAH YANG DISEBUT DENGAN " EMERGENCY STEERING DRILL ".
" EMERGENCY STEERING DRILL " adalah suatu kegiatan latihan yang dilakukan untuk menghadapi suatu keadaan darurat sehubungan dg keadaan STEERING GEAR yg mengalami kerusakan tiba2 . Hal tsb harus dilakukan sedikitnya 3 bln sekali dan dicatat dalam LOG BOOK
15.A. FUNGSI DARI " SHIP'S ROUTERING " adalah : Untuk meningkatkan keamanan navigasi kapal disuatu tempat dimana kepadatan lalu lintasnya sangat padat atau didaerah yg pergerakan kapalnya terbatas sehubungan dg kedalam air , rintangan2 yg ada atau oleh kondisi cuaca .
B. BILAMANA SHIP'S ROUTERING DIGUNAKAN ? JELASKAN !
SHIP'S ROUTERING digunakan padabsiang ataupun malam hari pada segala keadaan cuaca atau kondisi perairan yg ada . Sistem ini digunakan oleh semua kapal dg mempertimbangkan segala kondisi yang ada .
C. - TRAFFIC LINE : Suatu area dimana telah ditetapkan batas suatu arah lalu lintasnya .
- PRECAUTIONARY AREA : Route dg batas2 yg ditentukan dimana kapal2 harus bernavigasi ekstra hati-hati .
- INSHORE TRAFFIC ZONE : Route yg dibuat antara batas daratan dg TSS dan daerah pantai sekitarnya .
- AREA TO BE AVOIDED : Daerah yg harus dihindari oleh semua kapal atau daerah untuk kapal2 tertentu (khusus ) .
16.A. - FUNGSI RUDDER INDICATOR : Alat petunjuk yg ada di anjungan untuk mengetahui arah pergerakan daun kemudi disimpangkan (kekanan / kiri sesuai yg dikehendaki)
- RATE OF TURNING : Alat yg menunjukan bahwa kapal telah bergerak ( kekanan / kiri sesuai yg dikehendaki )
- ENGINE REVOLUTION ( RPM ) : Alat yg menunjukkan putaran / pergerakan mesin ( jumlah putaran mesin per menit ) .
- AVIABLE OF TURNING CIRCLE : Data / keterangan kemampuan berputar kapal pada saat kemudi disimpangkan dalam keadaan kosong atau bermuatan . Data / keterangan ini dapat dilihat di anjungan .
B. HAL2 YG TERCANTUM DLM "REQUIRED BOARDING ARRAGEMENTS FOR PILOT" SESUAI INTERNATIONAL MARITIME PILOT ASSOCIATION : - Ketentuan panjang tali tangga pilot dilambung bebas tidak lebih dari 9 mtr .
- STANCHION HAND`HOLD , diam min = 12 mm berdiri posisi sejajar jarak 120 cm dg tinggi 70-80 cm , tali dari manila rope tali pegangan tangkap diam min = 28 mm , preader panjang min = 120 cm jarak max 8 anak tangga . Panjang anak tangga min 40 cm jarak antaranya 30-38 cm , dekat tangga pandu di main deck disiapkan pelampung dg lampu dan tali , dan tangga permanent berdiri di bulk walk . - Pada malam hari ada penerangan yg menerangi tangga pandu mengarah kedepan .
- Pada lambung timbulnya ditandai dg warna merah-putih lebar dan panjangnya max 0,5 mtr.
17.A. HAL YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN DALAM PENYUSUNAN PETA LAUT SEHUBUNGAN DG ROUTE PELAYARAN :
- Menggunakan peta2 yang Up To Date .
- Menyusun peta sesuai skala dan daerah pelayarannya .
- Menggunakan peta skala besar untuk daerah2 yang ramai atau daerah pelayaran sempit .
- Menggunakan peta skala kecil untuk perairan yg dianggap aman dari bahaya navigasi .
- Susun peta menurut route pelayarannya .
B. HAL YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN DALAM MEMBUAT " VOYAGE PLANING ABSTRACT " :
- Jarak yang terdekat dg tujuan .
- Keadaan perairan yg aman tentang kedalamannya .
- Alat bantu navigasi yg nyata dan jelas .
- Keadaan cuaca , angin , ombak , jarak tampak .
- Lingkungan laut yang akan dilewati .
C. " KADE KE KADE " artinya : Rencana pelayaran harus di buat mulai dari dermaga dimana kapal akan bertolak sampai kapal tiba di dermaga tempat pelabuhan tujuan . Termasuk pelayaran dengan menggunakan pandu di sungai atau di perairan sempit .
18.A. WHEEL OVER POINT ( W O P ) : Adalah suatu titik di peta dimana kapal harus merubah haluan sebelum kapal tiba di WAY POINT yg telah ditentukan . Hal tsb bertujuan untuk menghindari terjadinya OVER SHOT yang bersar pada haluan berikutnya .
B. TIDAL WINDOW : Adalah Under Keel Clearance kapal yg memungkinkan kapal berlayar pada HIGHT WATER .
C. PILOT CARD : Kertas yg berisi data kapal ( ship particular ) mengenai mesin induk , sistem kemudi , perlengkapan navigasi dianjungan , draft kapal , yg diberitahukan pada pandu saat naik kekapal .
19.A. YANG DIMAKSUD ALUR PELAYARAN SEMPIT adalah : Alur pelayaran dimana lebar perairan kurang dari 2 mil atau alur pelayaran yg membatasi olah gerak kapal karena keadaan draugh nya serta kedalaman air
B. HAL YANG DILAKUKAN SETELAH NAKHODA MENGAMBIL ALIH KOMANDO SAAT BERLAYAR DI DALAM KABUT ,
- Membantu Nakhoda dalam bernavigasi dan mengecheck posisi kapal .
- Menghidupkan isarat kabut .
- Mengoperasikan / menghidupkan radar .
- Memberitahukan kamarmesin untuk bersiap melakukan olah gerak .
- Memanggil juru mudi untuk siap2 memegang kemudi dan membantu " LOOK OUT " .
20. DATA TIDE TABLES SEBAGAI BERIKUT : Time 03.05 10.20 15.45 20.15 Height 5.2 1.2 5.8 0.8
a. Hitung tinggi air jam 13.00 .
b. Sebuah kapal mempunyai draft 5.5 mtr , akan melewati perairan yg mempunyai kedalaman dipeta 3 mtr . Kapal tsb menginginkan UKC 0,5 mtr . Jam berapa kapal bisa melewatinya setelah tengah hari ?
JAWAB : a. Selisih tinggi air antara jam 10.20 - 15.45
= 5.8 - 1.2 = 4,6 mtr
Selisih waktu jam 10.20 - 15.45
= 5 jam 25 menit = 5,42 jam
Selisih waktu dari jam 10.20 - 13.00
= 2 jam 40 menit = 2,67 jam
Tinggi air mendekati jam 13.00 bertambah
= 2,67 / 5,42 x 4,6 = 2,27 mtr
Pada jam 10.20 tinggi air
= 1,2 + mtr
Jadi tinggi air pada jam 13.00 adalah
= 3,47 mtr b. Draft kapal = 5,5 mtr
Kenaikan air tiap menit = 4,6 / 325 = 0.014 mtr
UKC yg diinginkan = 0,5 + mtr
Kenaikan air yg dibutuhkan = 2 mtr Kedalaman yg diinginkan = 6 mtr
# 2 : 0.014 = 142.857 menit : 60 menit = 2 jam 23 menit + jam 10.20 = jam 12.43
Selisih waktu dari jam 10.20 - 12.43 = 2 jam 23 menit = 2.38 jam
Tinggi air pada jam 12.43 bertambah = 2.38 / 5,42 x 4,6 = 2.02 mtr
Pada jam 10.20 tinggi air = 1,2 + mtr
Pada jam 12.43 tinggi air bertambah menjadi = 3,22 mtr
Kedalaman air dipeta = 3 + mtr
Jadi pada jam 12.43 kapal dapat melewatinya dg kedalaman air = 6,22 mtr
21 . 4 TAHAPAN DALAM RANCANGAN PELAYARAN , URUTKAN DAN JELASKAN HAL2 YG DILAKUKAN DALAM TAHAP PELAKSANAAN DAN MONIRORING :
a. Tahap Persiapan
b. Tahap Pemilihan Route
c. Tahap Perencanaan Navigasi
d. Tahap Pelaksanaan dan Monitoring :
- Periksa secara berkala agar posisi tetap di garis haluan
- Perhatikan arus dan angin .
- Waspadai navigasi sekitar garis haluan .
- Perhitungkan tambahan sarat akibat SQUAT LIST .
- Pergunakan method Parallel Indeks jika perlu .
- Perhatikan jika ada MASTER ORDER .
- Jika ada penyimpangan dari rencana pelayaran catat dan beritahukan anggota BRIDGE TEAM .
22.A. YANG DIMAKSUD DENGAN " PUBLIKASI NAVIGASI " adalah : sumber informasi yg diperlukan dalam navigasi kapal yg bertujuan untuk keselamatan .
B. 10 PUBLIKASI NAVIGASI YANG DIPERLUKAN DALAM PELAYARAN :
- Chart Catalogue - List Of Light - Guide To Port Entry - Navigational Chart - Tidal Table . - Load Line Chart
- Ocean Passage for the Wold . - Tidal stream Atlas . - Marine Hand Book - Routering Chart Or Pilot Chart - Notice To Marine . - Radio & Local Warning
- Sailing Derection and Pilot Books . - Navigational Warning . -
C. NOTICE TO MARINERS : Publikasi yg di keluarkan tiap minggu oleh badan Hydrografi Inggris , Amerika yg berisikan perubahan2 alat bantu navigasi , penerbitan2 baru , untuk mempermudah pelaut mengkoreksi peta agar tetap dalam keadaan Up To Date .
D. OCEAN PASSAGE FOR THE WORLD : Publikasi yang berisikan informasi pada perencanaan pelayaran samudra dan berita cuaca serta arus .
E. NAVIGATIONAL WARNING : Informasi terakhir yg menyangkut perubahan alat2 bantu navigasi ( Bouy,Beacon, dsb )
23. HAL YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN BERLAYAR DIPERAIRAN SEMPIT DAN DANGKAL .
- Mempertahankan jarak sedekat mungkin dg batas luar alur pelayaran sempit yg berada dilambung kanannya selama masih aman dan dapat dilaksanakan .
- Tidak boleh memotong alur pelayaran , jika hal tsb merintangi jalannya kapal lain .
- Jika memungkinkan , hindari berlabuh jangkar di alur pelayaran .
24. YG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN UNTUK MENGANTISIPASI KEADAAN CUACA YG DAPAT BERPENGARUH THD ROUTE PELAYARAN adalah : - Pengupan arus laut yg berkembang yg dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan kapal yg telah direncanakan . Hal ini akan berpengaruh pada jarak dan waktu tempuh yg telah ditentukan .
- Keadaan es dan jarak pandang yg berkurang dibelahan bumu bagian utara dan selatan .
- Musim angin topan yg terdapat pada bulan2 tertentu dan menentukan tempat yg bebas untuk berolah gerak di laut .
- Menyiapkan route alternatif, seandainya pada route utama terdapat bahaya typoon (badai) juga bahaya navigasi lainnya
25.A. PERBEDAAN ANTARA RANCANGAN PELAYARAN SAMUDRA DG RANCANGAN PELAYARAN PANTAI adalah :
- Kwalitas dan kwantitas persyaratan navigasinya .
- Jarak tempuh untuk bernavigasi .
- Sumber2 informasi untuk navigasi yg diperlukan .
- Dalam navigasi samudra diperlukan pengamatan berita cuaca yg seksama , karemna memiliki kemungkinan mengalami ganguan cuaca buruk dalam bernavigasi .
B. ISI DARI " BRIDGE NOTE BOOK " adalah : Tentang hal2 yg berhubungan dg keselamatan navigasi diluar daripada rancangan pelayaran yg telah dibuat . Tentang alat2 navigai dianjungan yg digunakan , dll .
C. 10 KEGIATAN YG TERDAPAT DALAM " BRIDGE AND NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT " SAAT ONE HOURS NOTICE :
- Alarm - Compass Magnet .
- Penerangan deck dan lambung .
- Lampu navigasi , termasuk lampu darurat .
- Echo Sounder .
- Alat2 komunikasi internal serta jenis portable .
- Alat2 Navigasi Electronick .
- Compass Gyro & Repeater .
- Penataan darurat dalam hal bila terjadi sumber tenaga utama tidak bekerja .
D. COASTAL & ESTUARIAL WATER : Perairan yg meliputi pantai dan muara sungai .
E. VESSEL TRAFFIC CONTROL :Sebuah Station di suatu wilayah yg mengatur lalu lintas kapal keluar / masuk perairannya
26.A. TINDAKAN YANG DILAKUKAN BILA DALAM PELAYARAN MENGALAMI :
* Gyro Compass Failure :
- Menggunakan standart compass sebagai petunjuk haluan kapal .
- Memberitahukannya pada Nakhoda . - Memberitahukannya pada Kamar mesin . - Memberitahu orang yg bertanggung jawab/ ahli mengenai alat tsb
* Steering Gear Failure :
- Memakai Emergency Steering Gear . - Memberitahukannya pada Nakhoda . - Memberitahukannya pada kamar Mesin dan KKM . - Melakukan tindakan perbaikan .
* Main Engine Failure : - Memberitahukannya pada Nakhoda - Memasang sosok benda bola2 pada siang hari dan menyalakan penerangan keliling merah bersusun tegak pada malam hari . - Segera memperbaikinya . - Jika kedalamannya memungkinkan , berlabuh jangkar.
Important Responsibilities Secocnd Officer ( 2 / O )
He was the officer of the watch on board that his task is responsible for making the route the ship as well as the correction of book publication and charts NOTICE TO MARINERS publication of (NTM) of England if we use BA CHARTS
DRAFT PERALAYARAN
1.A.1 PARALLEL INDEX: A method used mengececheck continuously tracks the movement of the ship which follow / track that has been planned by the Navigator.
2.TRANSIT: Section and the distance to the object is known. To be accurate dlm use LEADING LINE, the distance to the object nearest ship more than 3 times the distance between the two pieces of objects in use.
3.MARGIN OF SAFETY: Limit safe area / straight line outside the NO GO AREA and a SPACE if the ship too late to turn around.
4. NO GO AREA: The area that should not be visited by relating dg depth or existing Navigation .SPACE danger if the ship changed course late.
5.DISTANCE OF DANGER: Distance secure against a navigation hazard which depends on
- Loaded ship
- The state of sea traffic TSB
- The state of the weather, wind, fog etc.
- That recommended safe distance min 1.5 mi
- The state of the flow and ebb and flow.
B. BACKGROUND TO BE LEARNED IN "PASSAGE planing".
- To minimize the error in navigation.
- Dg cruise itinerary that fast, then kebutuhana cruise planning becomes very important.
- Collect as many references to the data needed in a cruise (which information is up to date) that is not publicized in order menghindarihal undesirable.
2.A CAUSE TIDAL is:
- The force of attraction thd Earth Gravity Month
- The influence of wind and currents
- The influence of shifting / movement on the basis of the earth
B.1. TIDAL STEAM: List of tidal currents flow deg kecepatn measure in miles / hour
2. Hight WATER: The state in which the surface of a body of water has the addition of water from the surface normal, which is called by the tide.
3. SLACK WATER: A so-called calm water, where the water when the change of tide - kesurut (interval) and vice versa.
4. NEAP TIDE: The state of water at low tide low pitch.
5. SPRING TIDE: state of the water at high tide 3.A OCEAN PASSAGE FOR THE WORLD: The book that contains the data / information in question with a map that describes the wind currents recorded in the book scouting Bahari.
B Navigational WARNING: The information contains changes navigational aids (Bouy, Landmark, Beacon, etc.)
C Sailling DIRECTION: Books that contain data / information relating to port facilities and state owned by a port in the world.
4.A "SYMPTOMS Squat": - Squat occurs because of the difference between the speed of the water near the ship's hull when the ship is moving, causing the pressure around the ship that caused the ship will be sunk.
- That must be considered by the Master / Mualim Keep is the depth of water so they will not ship aground / touch the bottom of the water so that the ship was damaged hull section.
B formula to calculate the amount of waters Narrow Squat: Squat max = 2 x Cb x _V_ meters 100
The formula to calculate the magnitude of the wide waters Squat Squat max = Cb x _V_ meters
100
5.A PURPOSE ARE IN DANGER WITH REMOTE IN IALA IS:
B 5 SIGNS USED IN COMBINED:
6. 4 STEPS IN MAKING PASSAGE planing:
- ASSESSMENT (appraisal): Master consult with the chief officer in the case of deciding the route which will be passed with consider all information that are associated with the route to be navigable..
- PLANNING (planning): Navigation officer pull the bow line to be passed on the map that has been prepared in keeping with his route, and provide detailed records of the approved plan of Berth TO Berth, including the preparation of sailing with the waveguide.
- EXECUTION (EXECUTIO): At the time of going to leave should consider the lighting conditions, the state of flow (tidal) so that the skipper can set or modify the speed of the bow of the ship so that the ship can sail with fun.
- SUPERVISION (Monitoring): At this stage can be carried out by officers Keep to check at every stage of their duties and shall call the skipper when the performance of its duties are doubts or in case of emergency rescue can take immediate action.
7.a. SHIPPING DESIGN OBJECTIVES: To prepare for safe shipping dg starting from one port to the destination port dg attention to the state of the waters, navigation hazards that exist throughout the cruise, the circumstances surrounding vessels and the environment at any time .In addition can simplify and speed up the processing of information obtained Dlm .
B BENEFITS OBTAINED: Getting Navigation reliable method that can be used on the same cruise. And in the narrow shipping lanes or to concentrate limited technical assistance dg scouting.
8.a. SETTING THE DESIGN OF COASTAL SHIPPING (COASTAL ROUTE NAVIGATION) should pay attention to:
- Use of Map The Up To Date (Under).
- Knowing all things / signs that are relevant to the objects Navigation
- Fix the position determined continuously. This has hung from the closest distance to the dangers of navigation and speed of the ship.
- The use of radar only as a navigational aid only.
- When the navigation marks can not be seen in the clear, can use the PARALLEL METHOD INDEX.
B SETTING THE DESIGN OF WIDE OCEAN SHIPPING on should pay attention to:
- Plan on a small scale map, sea / routering chart where there is information about OCEAN CURRENT, WIND, ICE LIMIT, etc.
- Map Projections GE GNOMONIK for plotting the route.
- LOAD LINE ZONE Chart Load Line to ensure the rules are followed.
9.a. PRIMARY and SECONDARY POSITION Fixing:
10. CRITICAL THAT INCLUDE NAVIGATION categories are:
- Navigate in low visibility. This means that weather conditions cause / blocking visibility to less than 3 miles.
- Navigate in bad weather conditions. That is the state of the sea, the wind, or natural causes in the state of the ship difficult to control.
- Navigating the narrow shipping lanes. That is sailing traffic areas that have narrow, which causes the ship hard / dg limited to navigate well. (Presence TRAFIC SPARATION, DEEP WATER, WATER THE CROWDED, etc.)
11. PREPARATION MADE BY ENTERING THE LOOK LIMITED:
- Observing around dg use all means imaginable.
- Turning isarat fog continuously.
- Preparing the anchor to be used at any time.
- Tells the engine room to be ready to perform Motion Sports.
12. SHIPPING IN THE MAKING PLANS IN THINGS THAT NEED TO OBSERVE among others:
- Under Keel Clearence elbow throughout the cruise.
- Distance safe from the dangers of navigation.
- Change the position of the bow which controlled by radar / visual.
- Passing dg chart pemisaah safe.
- Distance looked lamp / beacon / bouy are skipped.
- Safe speed along the route.
- Position report / Reporting Point
- Publishing Navigation reply Up To Date.
- When replacing the map does not place a critical / many dangers.
13. PREPARATION OF WHICH MUST BE 12 HOURS BEFORE THE DEPARTED, IN CONNECTION WITH STEERING GEAR TEST:
- Steering Gear in Stand By position.
- 1 hour before departure Power steering is turned on.
- Testing Steering Gear dg cikar rotate the steering handle right - left and retraced cikar tengah2 dg see indicators.
- It must be ensured that the steering gear can be used manually or automatically.
- Make sure there are no leaks in the pipe hydrolick her.
- All testing activities are recorded in the Check List that was in the pavilion.
14. WHAT IS CALLED THE "EMERGENCY STEERING DRILL".
"EMERGENCY STEERING DRILL" is an exercise activity that is carried out to face a state of emergency in relation dg STEERING GEAR tiba2 who suffered damage. This has to be done at least 3 months once and recorded in the LOG BOOK
15.A. FUNCTION OF "SHIP'S ROUTERING" is: To improve navigational safety boat somewhere where traffic density is very dense or areas that limited movement in relation dg ship into the water, existing rintangan2 or by weather conditions.
B. WHEN USED SHIP'S ROUTERING? EXPLAIN!
SHIP'S ROUTERING used day or night in all weather conditions or water conditions imaginable. This system is used by all ships dg consider all conditions.
C. - TRAFFIC LINE: An area where a predetermined limit of one-way traffic.
- Precautionary AREA: Route dg batas2 specified which must navigate ships extra careful.
- Inshore TRAFFIC ZONE: Route freehand between mainland boundary with TSS and the surrounding coastal areas.
- AREA TO BE AVOIDED: The area that should be avoided by all ships or certain areas to kapal2 (special).
16.A. - RUDDER FUNCTION INDICATOR: Tool instructions that are on the bridge to determine the direction of movement of the steering leaves are distorted (to right / left as reply desired) - RATE OF TURNING: Tool which shows that the ship has been moved (to right / left as reply desired) - ENGINE REVOLUTION ( RPM): Tool that shows the rotation / movement of the machine (number of engine rotation per minute).
- Available OF TURNING CIRCLE: Data / information rotating capability distorted steering the ship at the time of empty or loaded. The data / information can be seen on the bridge.
B. hal2 STATED DLM "REQUIRED FOR BOARDING arrangements PILOT" ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL MARITIME PILOTS ASSOCIATION: - Provisions pilot ladder rope length free dilambung no more than 9 mtr.
- STANCHION HAND`HOLD, min = 12 mm silent standing position parallel to a distance of 120 cm height of 70-80 cm dg, ropes of manila rope strap caught secretly min = 28 mm, length preader min = 120 cm distance max 8 risers. The length of 40 cm min rung them 30-38 cm distance, near the stairs on the main deck waveguide prepared dg light buoys and ropes, and a permanent ladder standing in bulk walk. - At night there illuminative light waveguide stairs leading to the fore.
- At the onset of gastric accomplished by using a red-white color width and length max 0.5 mtr.
17.A. THINGS TO WATCH IN CONNECTION WITH THE PREPARATION OF SEA ROUTE MAP SHIPPING:
- Using peta2 are up to date.
- Develop appropriate scale maps and sail area.
- Using a large-scale map to daerah2 crowded or cramped shipping areas.
- Using a small-scale map of the waters that are considered safe from the dangers of navigation.
- Arrange the map according to the route voyage.
B. THINGS TO BE IN THE MAKING "VOYAGE planing ABSTRACT":
- The shortest distance dg purpose.
- The state of deep water harbor.
- Tools that real and clear navigation.
- The state of the weather, the wind, the waves, the distance seems.
- The marine environment that will be passed.
C. "KADE TO KADE" means: cruise plan must be made from the dock where the boat will depart until the ship arrives at the dock at the port of destination. Includes shipping by using the waveguide in the river or in narrow waters.
18.A. WHEEL OVER POINT (WOP): It is a point on the map where the ship had to turn around before the ship arrives at the WAY POINT has been determined. This has aimed to avoid bersar SHOT OVER the next bow.
B. TIDAL WINDOW: Is Under Keel Clearance vessel that allows the ship to sail on HIGHT WATER.
C. PILOT CARD: Paper that contains the data of the ship (ship particular) on the main engine, steering system, navigation equipment dianjungan, draft vessels, which notified the moment waveguide board a vessel.
19.A. SHIPPING IS NARROW GROOVE are: shipping lanes where the width of the water is less than 2 miles or shipping lanes that restrict maneuver his ship because of circumstances draugh and water depth
B. THINGS DONE AFTER TAKING OVER COMMAND skipper WHILE SAILING IN THE MIST,
- Assist skipper in navigation and positioning mengecheck ship.
- Turning isarat fog.
- Operate / turn on the radar.
- Tells kamarmesin to prepare for navigation.
- Calling the helmsman to siap2 helm and help "LOOK OUT".
20. DATA TIDE TABLES AS FOLLOWS: Time 03.05 10.20 15.45 20.15 5.2 1.2 5.8 0.8 Height
a. Calculate the water level 13.00.
b. A ship has a draft of 5.5 mtr, will pass through the waters of a depth map, which has a 3 mtr. Ships TSB wants UKC 0.5 mtr. What time does the ship could pass after noon?
ANSWER: a. The difference in water level between the hours of 10:20 to 15:45
= 5.8 - 1.2 = 4.6 mtr
Difference in time hours 10:20 to 15:45
= 5 hours 25 minutes = 5.42 hours
Hour time difference from 10:20 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
= 2 hours 40 minutes = 2.67 hours
High water increases approaching 13.00
= 2.67 / 5.42 x 4.6 = 2.27 mtr
At 10:20 hours of high water
= 1.2 + mtr
So the water level at 13.00 was
= 3.47 mtr b. Draft ship = 5.5 mtr
The increase of water per minute = 4.6 / 325 = 0.014 mtr
UKC desideratum = 0.5 + mtr
The increase of water required = 2 mtr Depth desideratum = 6 mtr
# 2: 0014 = 142 857 minutes: 60 minutes = 2 hours 23 minutes + hours of 10:20 = 12:43 hours
Difference in time from hours 10:20 to 12:43 = 2 hours 23 minutes = 2.38 hours
High water at 12:43 hours increase = 2.38 / 5.42 x 4.6 = 2.02 mtr
At 10:20 hours the water level = 1.2 + mtr
At 12:43 hours the water level increased to = 3,22 mtr
Water depth map, = 3 + mtr
So at 12:43 hours the ship can pass through the water depth dg = 6.22 mtr
21. 4 STAGES IN THE DESIGN OF SHIPPING, AND DESCRIBE hal2 Sort MADE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE AND MONIRORING:
a. Preparation Phase
b. Route Selection Phase
c. Navigation Planning Phase
d. Phase Implementation and Monitoring:
- Check periodically that the fixed position on the bow line
- Note the current and wind.
- Beware of navigation around the bow lines.
- Consider additional loaded due to squat LIST.
- Use Parallel index method if necessary.
- Note if there MASTER ORDER.
- If there is a deviation from the cruise plan note and let members BRIDGE TEAM.
22.A. IS A "NAVIGATION PUBLICATION" are: resources required in navigating the ship which aims to safety.
B. 10 PUBLICATIONS NAVIGATION REQUIRED IN SHIPPING:
- Chart Catalogue. - List Of Light - Guide To Port Entry - Navigational Chart
- Tidal Table. - Load Line Chart - Ocean Passage for the Wold. - Tidal stream Atlas.
- Marine Hand Book - Routering Chart Or Pilot Chart - Notice To Marine. - Radio & Local Warning - Sailing derection and Pilot Books. - Navigational Warning.
C. NOTICE TO MARINERS: publication that is issued every week by the agency hydrography UK, USA which contains perubahan2 navigational aids, new penerbitan2, to facilitate correct sailors map in order to remain up to date.
D. OCEAN PASSAGE FOR THE WORLD: publication containing information on ocean voyage planning as well as the current weather and news.
Navigational E. WARNING: The last information that involves changes alat2 navigation aids (Bouy, Beacon, etc.)
23. THINGS TO BE SAILING NARROW AND SHALLOW waters.
- Maintain close as possible dg outer boundary narrow shipping lanes that are right for dilambung still safe and can be implemented.
- Not to be cut shipping lanes, if they will obstruct the course of another ship.
- If possible, avoid anchor anchored in shipping lanes.
24. WHICH MUST BE TO ANTICIPATE THE WEATHER SITUATION WHICH MAY AFFECT CRUISE ROUTE THD is: - evaporating ocean current that develops which can affect the speed of the ship that had been planned. This will affect the distance and travel time has been determined.
- The state of the ice and diminishing visibility dibelahan bumu the north and south.
- The hurricane season that found in certain month2 and determine the places which are free to exercise the motion in the ocean.
- Setting up an alternative route, if the main route there is danger Typoon (storm) also other navigational hazards
25.A. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OCEAN SHIPPING WITH DRAFT DRAFT COASTAL SHIPPING is:
- Quality and quantity requirements of navigation.
- Mileage to navigate.
- Sumber2 information necessary for navigation.
- In the ocean navigation required that careful observation of weather news, karemna have the possibility of bad weather experience problems in navigation.
B. CONTENTS OF THE "BRIDGE NOTE BOOK" is: On hal2 those related to safety of navigation beyond than design cruise that has been made. About alat2 navigai dianjungan in use, etc.
C. 10 ACTIVITIES WHICH CONTAINED IN THE "BRIDGE AND EQUIPMENT Navigational" WHEN ONE HOURS NOTICE:
- Alarm - Compass Magnet.
- Lighting decks and hull.
- Navigation lights, including emergency lights.
- Echo Sounder.
- Alat2 internal communications and portable types.
- Navigation Alat2 electronic.
- Gyro Compass & Repeater.
- Arrangement of emergency in the event of primary power source is not working.
D. & ESTUARIAL COASTAL WATER: Water which includes beaches and estuaries.
E. VESSEL TRAFFIC CONTROL: A Station in a region that regulate vessel traffic in / out privileges waters
26.A. ACTION TAKEN WHEN THE CRUISE EXPERIENCE:
* Gyro Compass Failure:
- Make use of a standard compass as a guide bow.
- Inform the Master. - Inform the engine room. - Inform the person responsible / experts on the tool TSB
* Steering Gear Failure:
- Using Emergency Steering Gear. - Tell the skipper. - Tell the engine room and KKM. - Perform corrective actions.
* Main Engine Failure: - Notify the Master - Installing figure ballw objects during the day and turn on the red light around the tiered upright at night. - Immediately fix. - If the depth allows, anchored anchor.
